平遥古城中特色的砖窑混合建筑

平遥古城中的四合院形式建筑，它的房屋建筑结构形式主要有三种，一种是以木质砖瓦房为主的建筑结构形式；还有一种就是以砖密洞为主的，配以木廊外檐的建筑结构形式；最后一种建筑结构形式，它的下层建筑主要是砖密洞，而上层的建筑则是木质房屋的建筑结构形式。在平遥古城的建筑群结构中，这三种建筑结构形式是相互进行混合运用的，比如，在平遥古城的四合院建筑中，四合院建筑的正房建筑部分和厢房、前房等建筑部分，呈现出来的以单一的砖密洞房屋结构形式或者是木质砖瓦建筑结构形式的建筑实例很少，平遥古城内的四合院民居建筑在建设过程中，多是将木质砖瓦的建筑形式与砖密洞建筑结构形式进行混合建筑使用，通常在一个院子里，既有木质砖瓦的房屋结构形式，也有砖密洞的建筑结构形式，并且这种混合的房屋建设形式，在平遥古城的建筑中有很多应用。

在建筑形式中，窑洞形式的建筑，以冬暖夏凉、形象古朴，并且内涵醇厚的风格特征为主，并且具有明显的北方建筑特色，与我国北方地区的自然环境以及地形结构等特征，有着丰富的联系。这种砖密形式的建筑多位于我国北方的黄河沿岸的黄土高原地区，是对于黄河沿岸的历史文明以及文化发展很好的映射，也是该地区乡土建筑与文化的明显标志。

平遥古城内的砖窑形式建筑，对于建筑修建时期来讲，建设这种砖容形式的建筑，也是当时该地区的城市经济文化发展比较旺盛的一个重要标志，平遥古城是当时晋商的重要聚集地，商业发展带动当地城市的经济发展与致富，因此，城市的建筑形式就是对于当时城市经济文化发展情况的一个重要反映。平遥古城中的砖窑形式居民建筑，在修建上十分讲究，不仅以砖砌建筑为主，并且砖窑修建中还有许多磨砖对缝的修筑特征，此外，为了从建筑结构形式中凸显文化经济的发展先进性，这些砖窑民居建筑中，还会在砖砌窑洞的外部增加木廊瓦檐的建筑形式，使用制作精美的木雕或者是石雕、砖雕、彩画等，以凸显建筑的富贵、独特，而且在使用木廊瓦檐进行砖窑形式的建筑装饰过程中，木廊瓦檐装饰形式多种多样，装饰效果也通常显得活灵活现。这种以砖窑形式为主，配以木廊瓦檐进行装饰的建筑形式，不仅增加了建筑的美感，而且形成了具有地方特色的独特建筑风格与味道。此外，平遥古城中窑洞民居建筑中，由于受到北方居民对于火炕的喜爱性影响，在窑洞建筑的靠窗一面，还会修筑火炕，以满足居民对于建筑的需求。

Pingyao ancient city in the characteristic brick kiln mixed building

In the ancient city of Pingyao, there are three main forms of building structure, one is mainly brick hole with the outer eaves, the last building structure, the lower structure is mainly brick hole, while the upper building is the architectural form of wooden houses.In the architectural complex structure of the ancient city of Pingyao, These three forms of architectural structure are mixed with each other, for example, In the quadrangle courtyard buildings of the ancient city of Pingyao, The main building part of the quadrangle building and the wing room, the front room and the building part, There are few examples of a single brick hole structure or the form of wooden brick structure, In the construction process of the quadrangle courtyard residential buildings in Pingyao ancient city, Most is the building form of wooden brick and brick dense hole building structure form for mixed building use, Usually in a single yard, The building structure form of both wooden brick and tile houses, There are also architectural structural forms of dense brick holes, And in this mixed form of housing construction, There are many applications in the architecture of Pingyao ancient city.

In the architectural form, the building in the form of cave dwelling is mainly warm in winter, cool in summer, simple in image, and rich in connotation, and has obvious northern architectural characteristics, and has a rich connection with the natural environment and topographic structure of northern China.Most of these brick-dense buildings are mostly located in the Loess Plateau region along the Yellow River in northern China, which is a good reflection of the historical civilization and cultural development along the Yellow River, and also an obvious symbol of the local architecture and culture in the region.

The ancient city of pingyao brick kiln building, for building period, construction of this form of brick building, is also the urban economic and cultural development of a major symbol, pingyao ancient city is an important gathering place of jin merchants, the commercial development of local urban economic development and get rich, therefore, the city building form is an important reflection of the city economic and cultural development.Pingyao ancient city of brick kiln form residential buildings, very particular on the construction, not only is given priority to with brick building, and brick kiln construction and many brick seam building characteristics, in addition, in order to highlight the development of cultural economy, the brick kiln residential buildings, also in the brick cave outside add wooden corridor eaves building form, use exquisite woodcarving, stone carving, brick, painting, etc., to highlight the architectural rich, unique, and in the use of wooden corridor eaves brick kiln decoration process, wooden corridor eaves decoration forms, decorative effect is usually vivid.This architectural form, mainly in the form of brick kiln and decorated with wooden corridor and tile eaves, not only increases the aesthetic feeling of the building, but also forms a unique architectural style and taste with local characteristics.In addition, in the cave residential buildings in the ancient city of Pingyao, due to the affection of the northern residents for the kang, the kang will be built on the window of the cave building to meet the needs of the residents for the buildings.